Polypectomy: Safe Removal of Gastrointestinal Polyps through Endoscopy

What is Polypectomy?
Polypectomy is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure used to remove polyps—abnormal tissue growths—from the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, most commonly found in the colon, rectum, stomach, or small intestine. These polyps may be benign (non-cancerous) or have the potential to develop into cancer if left untreated.

Why is Polypectomy Done?

Polyps often do not cause symptoms and are detected during routine endoscopy or colonoscopy. Removal is recommended because:

  • Some polyps may turn cancerous over time (especially adenomatous polyps).

  • Large polyps can cause bleeding, pain, or obstruction.

  • Early removal significantly reduces the risk of gastrointestinal cancers.

When is Polypectomy Recommended?

Polypectomy is advised if:

  • Polyps are found during Upper GI Endoscopy or Colonoscopy.

  • There is a family history of colon or stomach cancer.

  • The patient experiences symptoms like rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, or unexplained anemia.

  • Follow-up from positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or other screening results.

How is Polypectomy Performed?

  1. The procedure is done through an endoscope or colonoscope, under sedation.

  2. The polyp is located and evaluated for size, shape, and location.

  3. A special instrument (snare or forceps) is used to grasp and remove the polyp.

  4. If necessary, electrocautery is used to cut and cauterize the area to prevent bleeding.

  5. The removed tissue is sent for biopsy to check for cancerous or precancerous changes.

Polypectomy is usually completed within 15–30 minutes and patients can go home the same day.

Types of Polypectomy Techniques

  • Cold Snare Polypectomy – For small, flat polyps.

  • Hot Snare Polypectomy – Uses heat to cut and seal blood vessels.

  • Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) – For larger or flat lesions.

  • Forceps Polypectomy – For very small polyps or those in difficult locations.

Benefits of Polypectomy

  • Prevents colorectal and gastric cancer.

  • Minimally invasive with fast recovery.

  • Usually painless and safe with low complication rates.

  • Can be performed during routine endoscopy/colonoscopy.