What is Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine the large intestine (colon) and rectum. A flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted through the rectum to detect abnormalities such as polyps, inflammation, ulcers, and colorectal cancer. This procedure is essential for early diagnosis and prevention of digestive tract diseases.
When is Colonoscopy Recommended?
-
Persistent abdominal pain or bloating
-
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
-
Blood in the stool (rectal bleeding)
-
Unexplained weight loss
-
A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
-
Screening for colorectal cancer (recommended for adults over 45)
How is Colonoscopy Performed?
-
Preparation:
-
Patients must follow a special diet and take prescribed laxatives the day before the procedure to cleanse the colon.
-
A sedative or anesthesia is given for comfort.
-
-
Insertion of the Colonoscope:
-
A thin, flexible colonoscope is inserted through the rectum and gently advanced into the colon.
-
-
Examination & Diagnosis:
-
The camera transmits high-definition images, allowing the doctor to examine the colon lining for any abnormalities.
-
-
Treatment During Colonoscopy (If Needed):
-
Polyp Removal: If polyps (abnormal growths) are found, they can be removed immediately to prevent cancer.
-
Biopsy Collection: A small tissue sample may be taken for further testing.
-
Bleeding Control: If any bleeding is detected, it can be treated using special instruments.
-
-
Completion & Recovery:
-
The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.
-
Patients are monitored for a short period and may experience mild bloating due to the air used during the procedure.
-
Normal activities can usually be resumed the next day.
-
Benefits of Colonoscopy
-
Gold-standard screening for colorectal cancer
-
Early detection and removal of pre-cancerous polyps
-
Helps diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
-
Minimally invasive with a quick recovery time