What is PTBD?
Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) is a minimally invasive radiology procedure used to relieve bile duct obstruction. A thin catheter (tube) is inserted through the skin into the liver to drain bile, bypassing blockages and restoring normal bile flow. This procedure helps prevent complications such as jaundice, infection, and liver damage in patients with blocked or narrowed bile ducts.

When is PTBD Recommended?

• Bile duct obstruction due to gallstones, tumors, or strictures

• Liver or pancreatic cancer causing bile duct blockage

• Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) due to bile buildup

• Biliary infections (cholangitis) requiring urgent drainage

• Failed endoscopic drainage (ERCP) or cases where ERCP is not possible

• Post-surgical complications affecting bile flow

How is PTBD Performed?

1. Preparation:

   • The patient may need blood tests and imaging (ultrasound, CT, or MRI) before the procedure.

   • Fasting for 6–8 hours is required.

   • Local anesthesia and sedation are given for comfort.

2. Image-Guided Needle Insertion:

   • Using fluoroscopy (X-ray) or ultrasound, a thin needle is inserted through the skin into the liver to access the bile ducts.

3. Catheter Placement:

   • A contrast dye is injected to locate the blockage.

   • A catheter (drainage tube) is placed inside the bile duct to bypass the obstruction and drain bile into a collection bag or directly into the intestines.

4. Completion & Recovery:

   • The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

   • Patients are monitored for a few hours and may stay in the hospital for further care.

   • The drainage tube may be temporary or long-term, depending on the condition.

Benefits of PTBD

• Restores bile flow and relieves jaundice

• Prevents infections and liver damage

• Minimally invasive with a quick recovery

• Alternative for patients who cannot undergo surgery or ERCP