What is ERCP?
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized endoscopic procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to examine and treat abnormalities such as gallstones, strictures, tumors, and bile duct blockages.

When is ERCP Recommended?

• Jaundice caused by bile duct obstruction

• Unexplained abdominal pain

• Pancreatitis due to bile duct or pancreatic duct problems

• Suspected tumors or strictures in the bile or pancreatic ducts

• Removal of bile duct stones

How is ERCP Performed?

1. Preparation:

   • The patient is required to fast for at least 6–8 hours before the procedure.

   • A sedative or anesthesia is administered to ensure comfort.

2. Insertion of the Endoscope:

   • A flexible, lighted tube (endoscope) is gently inserted through the mouth, passing through the esophagus and stomach into the duodenum.

3. Contrast Dye Injection & Imaging:

   • A thin catheter is passed through the endoscope into the bile or pancreatic duct.

   • A contrast dye is injected to make the ducts visible under X-ray imaging.

4. Diagnosis & Treatment:

   • If blockages, stones, or strictures are detected, the doctor may:

     • Remove bile duct stones using special tools.

     • Insert a stent to keep the duct open.

     • Perform a sphincterotomy (small incision) to improve bile flow.

5. Completion & Recovery:

   • The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

   • The patient is monitored for a few hours and can usually go home the same day.

   • Mild throat discomfort may occur, which subsides within a few hours.

Benefits of ERCP

• Minimally invasive compared to traditional surgery

• Accurate diagnosis of bile and pancreatic duct disorders

• Effective treatment of blockages, stones, and strictures

• Faster recovery time